An Online Degree for Stay-at-Home Moms Essay Example

An Online Degree for Stay An Online Degree for Stay-at-Home Moms Essay An Online Degree for Stay-at-Home Moms Essay There is no greater job than the job of mother. And for those women are able to stay home with their children and choose to do so, they will also tell you that there is no harder job either. But the rewards are certainly worth it. Of course, there does come a time when, as the children grow, stay-at-home moms may decide that they wish to pursue their career once again or even enter the work world for the first time. And, as many of them discover, their education may not be adequate to market them successfully in a job hunt. In order to further their education while they are still at home with their kids – in preparation for the future – many stay-at-home moms turn to an online degree program. Online degree programs are a perfect fit for stay-at-home moms who are already balancing quite a number of responsibilities. As online degree students, moms are able to logon to their computer from the comfort of their own home – and complete all of the required coursework to achieve their degree. Better still, an online degree program allows students to work within their own schedule so that they are not trying to fit school into an already impossible schedule. To this end, many online degree students work on weekends, at night, or at other times that are convenient and do not interfere with already existing schedules.

Fault Lines, Raghuram Rajan, 2011 Essays

Fault Lines, Raghuram Rajan, 2011 Essays Fault Lines, Raghuram Rajan, 2011 Essay Fault Lines, Raghuram Rajan, 2011 Essay Fault Lines, Raghuram Rajan, 2011 Name: Course: Instructor: : Institution: Date: Fault Lines, Raghuram Rajan, 2011 CHAPTER FOUR: A Weak Safety Net 83 This chapter begins with the narration about a student, Badri, who came to the United States more than 25 years ago (Rajan, 2010). After obtaining some degrees and a PhD, he found himself employment at in Washington DC making chips for a German –American firm. He was tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that the fabrication line was up to date and functioning well with the aim of reducing the production of defective chips in this production line. His knowledge was well used by the entity for troubleshooting in the production processes to a point of working seventy-hour weeks (Rajan, 2010). However, the firm later split from a joint venture between the two partners, America and Germans into individual ventures. Badri was able to retain his job and specialized in fabrication of memory card chips leading to the production of smaller memory chips. In addition, the declining production processes also resulted in the reduction of the entity size (Rajan, 2010). The transformation was evident form a large partnership to an eventually smaller farm with increasing debts in an industry, which could be simply termed as capital intensive because of the presence of identical firms with larger capital bases for support in low revenues periods, as the market was usually unpredictable. Following the 2008 financial crisis the organization decided to lay off all of its workers in the United States because of the need to preserve resources. In addition, the organization had already increased its capital bases. Hence, it was under pressure whether to close either the German or the American plant. Badri was laid off and had to survive on meager savings coupled by the costs of living, insurance, and mortgage. In addition, the company was unable to pay for his retirement as it had been declared bankrupt (Rajan, 2010). According to the author, the United States is under what could be described a weak safety net all due to the asset bubble which instigated the financial crisis of the year 2008 whose effects the world is still reeling from today. A weak safety net is unhealthy for any given economy as evidenced by the American economy where peoples especially the unemployed. Hence it is difficult for individuals to survive this era without jobs coupled by the presence of expensive healthcare instead of provision of adequate and affordable services to such brackets of the economy and enable them get through the difficult times awaiting the economy to get back to normalcy (Rajan, 2010). From Badri’s situation, it is evident of the effects of the financial crisis of 2008. Firms were forced to forego operations and close their plants due to the lack of adequate funds or entire lack of funds for operations. In addition, this crisis was also attributed due to increased costs of operations for entities coupled by low returns by organizations. Hence, it was difficult to maintain operations without the presence of adequate funds for survival through this period. Only the strongest entities, which had adequate financial reserves and sound financial and economic policies, were bale to withstand the crisis. Some shopped for bargains in the collapsed entities with the aim of acquisition of equipment at low prices for use within their individual companies (Rajan, 2010). As the title suggests, a safety net is important for low incomes earners as well as for those who have inadequate finances to sustain their survival. This is evidenced in Badri’s situation as he lacks adequate funds for survival given that he has a potential medical condition that could easily turn into diabetes. The lack of affordable insurance could easily lead to diabetes as he lacks cove3r for any ailments for himself and his financially vulnerable family. His ability to access private insurance due to its costs and the criteria for selection of eligible members is an indication of the inequality within the American health system in terms of the ability to access medical insurance. From the author’s narration, it becomes evident of disparities, which are present between those who could be considered as financially well off in comparison to financially vulnerable individuals whose numbers increased due to the loss of employment as specifically the global financial cr isis (Rajan, 2010). In essence, the author provides a vivid elaboration of the lack of a strong safety net to caution vulnerable individuals such as Badri from the tough economic pressures such as expensive health insurance, costly mortgages given the presence of inadequate finances or the utter lack of the same. Furthermore, the lack of proper safety shows the weaknesses of government in terms of provision of equal services to all. This is evidenced by the vast differences in terms of costs of health insurance, private and organizational or public insurance (Rajan, 2010). In conclusion, the author seems to emphasis the failure of the government to caution the lower bracket of its citizens form the financial crisis all of which was due to greed for profits by large business, which were considered as too large to fail. In addition, the failure to provide security and a secure safety net by the government eventually led to the generation of disproportionate monetary and fiscal policies, which led to escalation of the financial crisis (Rajan, 2010). New concepts The term safety net is used to imply to policies implemented by the government with the aim of cautioning vulnerable and poor people from socioeconomic shocks, as evidenced by the finance crisis of 2008, which led to foreclosure of numerous homes, loss of jobs, expensive healthcare or inaccessible health insurance (Rajan, 2010). CHAPTER FIVE: From Bubble to Bubble 101 The author describes Ben Bernanke’s word where he was of the view that â€Å"fluctuations of output and inflation had steadily decreased from the 1980’s to the year 2004 (Rajan, 2010). His claims were made on the presumption that the economic policies were sound given the presence of steady growth, lack of high inflation, booms, and busts. Such good economic growth could be attributed to three various factors: the presence of luck given economic setbacks such as increase in oil prices, and wars. Secondly, the rapid evolution of the economic world as industries and corporations become efficient in making production decision due to the ability to obtain and process sales information. The ability of such improvements could be attributed to the ability of countries and firm’s ability to evade recessions as in the past. Thirdly, the improvement educational systems enabled production of good economists with relevant knowledge on the effects of economic policies on the production processes and actual output by economies (Rajan, 2010). In addition, the Bernanke also considers that current economists were furnished with better skills in the formulation of better monetary policies in comparison to the predecessors who were driven by mere intuition and unfounded economic beliefs on the relationship between monetary polices and economic output. However, his view on economic policies was strained after the 2008 occurrence of the financial crisis. He appealed to congress to rescue the financial markets and entities for man imminent collapse of the economy, which could easily turn, into a depression. Congress was supposed to provide adequate bailout for the entities in financial crisis. His plea for help is an indication of the flaws, which were present in the monetary policies used by the Federal government (Rajan, 2010). The author is of the opinion that the financial crisis was due to the Federal Reserve’s mistakes. The initial mistake occurred in the year 2001 when the first recession took place and prompted the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates relatively low (Rajan, 2010). This led to increase in funds in circulation, in the United States, as well as other countries around the world. Given the influence of politics and economics, the Federal Reserve rates were influenced to the favor of some few. The second mistake was the indication of the Federal Reserve encouraged large investments by the low rates and showed indications of supporting these investors in the event of a bubble burst. This was the inception of risk taking given the presence of low interest rates given it was an attempt to create growth in the employment market (Rajan, 2010). The author uses this chapter to give an implicit indication of the role of the Federal Reserve in the financial crisis of 2008. In addition, the inability of the Federal Reserve was the inception towards the creation of a monster, which eventually grew into a great recession. In essence, the beginning of the financial crisis was set off by the setting of the interest rates. The Federal Reserve is mandated with setting, of which largely through short-term interest rates, which allow flexibility in terms of formulation of these rates as well as monetary policies. The relationship between long-term and short-term interest rates is identical as setting of long-term interest rates as identical to those of short term interest rates. Hence, if long-term interest rates are low then the short term interest rates are expected to be low (Rajan, 2010). Hence, the Federal Reserve failed in setting adequate or considerable interest for the populace to benefit and the eventual growth of the economy. In addition, the Federal Reserve short term interest rates had a great role to play in the economic activities which led up to the financial crisis of 2008. Short-term interest rates determine economic activity such as actual borrowing by the banks and mortgages (Rajan, 2010). Long-term interest rates, on the other hand, have a role in the determination of the returns by assets such as bonds, equity and houses, which are determined, by the returns accrued by interest rates. Inadequacy of the Federal Reserve is exhibited by the ignorance to heed to the call for adjustments as evidenced by the sharp increases in asset prices, which were driven by non-conventional forces such as increased risk, foreign funds and expansion of credit to unhealthy levels. This should have prompted the increase in rates to curb this unhealthy growth or asset bubb le, which eventually burst under the watch of the Federal Reserve due to their failure to act in order to drive growth. Low short-interest rates prompted investors to undertake more risk with the promise of more returns. In addition, foreign funds flowed into the United States, which is an illustration of the widespread of the financial crisis. Investors from countries like Japan and German sought the prominent mortgage-backed securities, which were on high demand. These fueled the growth of the securities and hunger for the seemingly low risk investments such as mortgages (Rajan, 2010). In addition, there was also expansion of credit, which also led up to the financial crisis. The rise in asset prices enabled individuals and entities as well the needed collateral to seek loans. In addition, the low-income individuals who sought borrowing and were financed with loans to make payments for their individual needs, as they possessed adequate collateral given the high asset prices. In addition, the same was coupled by the presumption that the foreseeable future would have adequate liquidity hence banks were of the view that long-term financing on risky loans would be â€Å"safe† when that was not the case (Rajan, 2010). It is evident of the effects of monetary policies in the leaning against asset price rises. This is because monetary policies have a significant role in the financial stability of a country and specifically of its economy. In addition, the Federal Reserve could have regulated the markets instead of acting as a spectator while the asset prices increased dramatically. In addition, banks were in search of investors for their loans given the presence of high liquidity within the economy. Hence, lack of action in setting interest rates in relation to the market conditions, which were present-rapid growth in assets prices, easy access to loans, and low inflation-resulted in the eventual near collapse of the economy and specifically the financial markets. Hence, inadequacy in terms of acting by the Federal Reserve was the sole reason for ht bubble and the eventual burst of the bubble (Rajan, 2010). New concepts Philip’s curve-is described as the inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and that of inflation (Rajan, 2010). Expectation Hypothesis- is described as expectation that long-term rates within a market are predetermined by the market expectation of the short-term rates added to constant risk premiums (Rajan, 2010). CHAPTER SIX: When Money Is the Measure of All Worth 120 The French monarchy was among the first to introduce the use of annuities with the aim of raising funds when it did not have adequate cash to fund operations. This form of investment to the rich nobles was very prominent as it guaranteed individuals consistent receipt of payments until death. People were able to reap benefits from this form of payments if they were able to live for longer periods in comparison to their annuity payments (Rajan, 2010). However, this form of investment was flawed as it lacked security. This is evidenced by the Geneva bankers who took up thirty young girls and paid annuity for them form the french government. Because of the high returns from the government, more investors were attracted to this form of investment on the presumption of huge earnings. However after the french revolution in 1789, things were disrupted, and payment of the annuities was done with a currency which wads simply termed as undervalued given the economic situation. Hence, this group of bankers was prompted to default given that they were unable to pay back the Swiss investors with undervalued currency given that they had invested in highly valued Swiss currency (Rajan, 2010). From the historical crisis, there are various lessons, which can be drawn from the situation. The initial lesson is the utter disconnect of society and bakers because of their ability to identify opportunities to make quick and easy money. In addition, it is also evident of the urge to make money by the bakers in comparison to other businesspeople (Rajan, 2010). Furthermore, their knowledge in money matters is an added advantage as they are able to use such information for actual applications in making investments. Hence, from the keen eye of bakers innocent and small ventures can result in great and risky investments given the lack of securities. In addition, the numbers of the bakers ensured that they received compensation and payments from the new government after the revolution. Hence, in relation to the financial crisis, the numbers of the banking community and other investors ensured that they would receive intervention, bailout or funds invested from the government of their in vestments. In essence, the banking sector actions were as a result of the government’s aim to provide its citizenry with adequate and cheap housing coupled by the presence of foreign demand for high debt securities (Rajan, 2010). As evidenced by the events of the United States financial markets, slight changes in prices are bound to distort the markets in entirety. In essence, the private sector acted in a predictable, looking for bargains and making quick money provided the signs of making money are favorable, despite the presence of high risk in such an investment. In addition, such deals according to the author could be described as arms-length agreements as they do not have any consideration for the smaller party as they are driven by the need to make profits (Rajan, 2010). From this chapter, it is evident of the effects of inadequate and proper regulation within any financial system. The financial crisis of 2008 was because of what could be described as cause-effect in terms of the actions by the Federal Reserve and the financial market players. The lack of control and restrictions by the Federal Reserve gave the lenders and indication of the ability to invest in the risky investments given the high returns, which were possible within such investments. In addition, from a moral perspective it becomes evident of the lack of good business practice by the banks and the entire private sector (Rajan, 2010). In addition, the financial sector illustrated to the world that, without adequate and proper regulation, the sector would head for self-destruction bringing down with the entire economy. International and foreign banks had a great role in the housing market burst and the eventual financial crisis. Foreign central banks were presented with large dollar inflows given the increase in exports to the United States whereas the United States investors sought international markets for better returns on their investments given the low interest rates in the United States (Rajan, 2010). Brokers also had a significant role to play in the events up to the financial crisis of 2008. Mortgage brokers were responsible for seeking customers for the housing loans and processing of the same. From the acts of the brokers, they were driven by the need to make money via attracting more customers to their â€Å"attractive† mortgage payments where they persuaded customers with claims that they would get better value when they enrolled with the various brokers, which was subsequently false after various customers indicated hefty increases in their monthly mortgage payments (Rajan, 2010). This is an indication of the entry of malpractices into the banking sector and housing sector as the brokers held no regard for the customers. In addition, it is evident of lack of regulation in terms of the appropriate conduct of the brokers. In addition, the brokerage firms did not hold their workers liable for selling substandard loans given that they were merely driven by enrollment of new customers without any regard for the quality of the loans (Rajan, 2010). In conclusion, regulation on brokers would have ensured that they did not engage in bad business practices to their customers. In addition, the erosion of moral conduct in business has a large role to play in the lack of appropriate conduct in the housing market burst. The mere drive to cash in on the housing market was the drive for the brokers, the banks and the investors given the lack of securities and the favorable exchange rates (Rajan, 2010). New terms and concepts Unintentional guidance-this is guidance towards unwarranted behavior by actions or market forces (Rajan, 2010). CHAPTER SEVEN: Betting the Bank 134 The author begins with an indication that the qualities of nearly 60% of all mortgages were rated as AAA, which means they were without any doubt of the highest quality. In contrast, only less than all corporate bonds in the markets are usually rated as AAA. Normal relations or correlation of defaults in mortgages is usually extremely low as the presence of unavoidable circumstances such as ill health or loss of jobs. Hence, there were no forecasts in terms of the correlation between the mortgages and default by the homeowners (Rajan, 2010). In addition, the AAA rated securities were lucrative because they offered higher returns in comparison to the corporate securities. The agencies did not anticipate the correlation between the defaults and mortgages as indicated by their ratings. In addition, the increase in mortgages led to a pool of flooded with identical packages of mortgages. Furthermore, the similarities in terms of the pools of mortgages increased the rate or possibility of default by the customers of the mortgages. This is because any signs of problems in the market would result in a collective pullout by the banks leading to spread of the problems across the country. In addition, the AAA mortgage backed securities were disguised by the presence of high ratings and their high and lucrative returns (Rajan, 2010). Some entities such as AIG were among the biggest losers in the financial crisis. The entity sold insurance through credit evasion swaps, which were valued on asset-backed securities, which were worth billions of dollars inclusive of AAA rated mortgage-backed securities (Rajan, 2010). However, the values of the asset backed bonds provided by AIG reduced significantly in value as the economy went into a recession. In addition, the defaults on mortgages proved larger than expected given the numbers of banks involved and the numbers of issued mortgages. The events led to losses of billions of dollars as the AIG’s liability in relation to the swaps increased forcing the entity to mark down its portfolio. Due to the increased liabilities, parties who had invested in the firm sought legal remedies to ensure that AIG would honor payment of the swap liabilities. The entity become the largest recipient of bailout funds amounting to more than $150billion dollars after it was unable to re pay the liabilities (Rajan, 2010). From this chapter, it is evident that the banks, which churned out these risky investments to the markets, still held on these risky investments given that these securities had an AAA rating. In essence, these risky investments proved very lucrative especially for the large banks. The risks, which were associated with these ventures, were regarded as unlikely; hence, banks sought after them with ample zeal as they promised high returns given the demand for adequate housing. This is what the author considers as tail risk given the low probability of occurrence of these risks. However, to their dismay the risks led to one of the most devastating financial crises in the United States. In addition, such risks would be evidenced by the countrywide scare within the housing market leading to countrywide defaults on the housing mortgages. Another aspect was the gravity of these risks, which is their eventuality of occurrence, would prove as very costly for investors and the banks in general (Rajan, 2010). Bankers were forced to take on these kinds of risks due to several factors. Risk-return relationship was one of the most significant factors, which led up to the uptake of these risky investments by the banks on the promise of higher returns. This is because risky investments are lowly priced but tend to produce higher returns. In essence, the onset of these risky investments was marked by high returns as evidenced by AIG Bear Stearns, Citigroup, and Lehman Brothers and other large entities, which realized higher returns before the onset of the recession. These entities were swallowed up by the recession, as they did not have adequate reserves to enable them pay up their liabilities. This is because they thought the risks as having the lowest probability of occurrence (Rajan, 2010). Furthermore, entities were driven by the need to make profits given that those who object these risky investments were laid off by the top management in order to pave the way for the realization of higher profits through further investments in these highly risky investments. From this chapter, it is clear that the bankers and the investors ignored the growth and occurrence of the tail risks all due to the mere drive to make huge profits. From this chapter, it is evident that top management within the financial institutions lacked good risk management skills and the mitigation for the same. This is because any risks despite its minuteness should be evaluated for its cause-effect relationship on the company (Rajan, 2010). In conclusion, this is an indication of inadequacy of risk management within these entities. This is because, despite the presence of tail risks, the financial sector used money as the measure of all things. This is evidenced by measure of risks by the returns from making such a risk investment. Despite higher risks, higher returns make an investment in view of the bankers as a healthy investment. In addition, the market’s health was measured in relation to the presence of liquidity. Hence, the high liquidity in the market in the view of the bankers and investors was all due to the notion by these banking organization and investors of the ability of the government to bail them out in the event of defaults in the market. In addition, this notion was due to the ability of government to intervene in such issues. Hence, the government should institute adequate reforms to ensure that financial sector players refrain from taking advantage of investments with tail risks as identified by the author in this chapter (Rajan, 2010). New terms and concepts Alpha-Excess returns in a market for an entity all due to high-risk taking (Rajan, 2010). Tail Risks- are risks, which are considered to occur on rare occasions (Rajan, 2010). Unintentional guidance-this is guidance towards unwarranted behavior by actions or market forces (Rajan, 2010). CHAPTER EIGHT: Reforming Finance 154 The previous chapters have been helpful in the establishment of reasons for the occurrence of the recession and eventual effects of the same. Financial markets around the world have been brought back from the near collapse by their governments through government guarantees, new capital and additional lending. The scenario is unfathomable because banks were able to borrow at almost zero interest rates but charged hefty interests for any borrowing and gave their savers meager returns with consideration of the amounts borrowed. It is paramount according to the author, for the political class to instigate reform within the financial sector to seal what he had described as the â€Å"fault lines† with an aim of averting severe consequences and a reoccurrence of identical events (Rajan, 2010). These reforms have to be actualized despite the presence of doubt within the public domain as they view the system as favoring a few. This according to the author has been fueled by the huge bonus payments issued by these banks given that they are still struggling to meet their expenses and are surviving on bailout funds. The author is of the view that the private sector, government intervention and Federal inadequacy to give proper regulation to the financial sector had a big role to play in the eventual financial crisis of 2008. In addition, politicians were also to blame for their great support for capitalism, which eventually collapsed. In addition, entities will endure the financial crisis prompting the market players to look for remedies for this situation in other markets. Furthermore, the free-enterprise capitalism described, according to the author, should undergo extensive reform with an aim of preventing recurrence of identical events. Democratization or debt describes the choices individuals were posed in terms of making a financial decision, which had the potency to affect the society at large. Democracy the need to take up huge loans is a controversial issue because the loans resulted in huge countrywide defaults. Hence, democracy in terms of making a financial decision should be restricted as great freedom in the financial sector was among the reasons individuals were able to take up the great risks without regard for the potential consequences that they would bestow on themselves as well as the society. Thus, it is paramount to establish the best financing activities, which are aimed drawing utmost good within the new reforms with an aim of minimization of risks and the increasing the benefits of such for the majority of the citizens (Rajan, 2010). Reforms are a priority for the recuperation of the financial markets, the economy and the entities, as well. Competition was among the main aspects, which instigated the Great Depression of the 1930’s (Rajan, 2010). The author states the widespread effects of the financial crisis is attributable to a herd behavior by the banks who took up identical risks resulting in systemic losses after there were defaults. This was further fueled by the competitiveness by the banks who tried to outdo each other by taking up huge loans to compete against each other. From this chapter, it is evident of the need to limit innovation and some elements of competition because of the systemic risk associated with collective competition as evidenced by these banks (Rajan, 2010). It is also paramount for the internal functions of the banks to be analyzed and reformed because they under-priced risk due to breakdown in their internal governance. Another reform that is needed within the market is to do away the notion that an eventual crisis after taking on tail risks by entities would result in government intervention would be important as it would enable the entities to become responsible for their actions. In addition, some entities enjoyed implicit protection from the government, which enabled to conduct their operations without any care in the world for taking huge risks. Thus, it is paramount to ensure that no entity enjoys any kind of protection or favoritism from the government (Rajan, 2010). New reforms should be cycle proof as stated within this chapter. Hence, they should be â€Å"comprehensive, nondiscretionary, contingent, and cost-effective† (Rajan, 2010). This ensures that all the financial institutions are included within this kind of reforms and that none is given preference of favor over the others. In addition, the entities, which took up the risks, which were thought as immaterial or tail risks, but later materialized, should be penalized and made responsible for their actions. Alteration of incentive issued to the top management should be implemented to ensure that the bonuses due to them are spread out over the future years. This ensures that they are able to look at long-term strategies and effects of the decisions to the organization in the future (Rajan, 2010). In conclusion, it is also paramount to ensure that organizations do not engage in excessive risk taking while still maintaining basic financial freedoms. The financial crisis emanated from the friction between the government interference and the private sector, which could be termed as the location of the â€Å"fault lines† (Rajan, 2010). Hence, to tackle this crisis government intervention should be restricted with an aim of withdrawing expectations that, in similar events, the private sector would draw similar intervention in the form of bailouts, guarantees and incentives. CHAPTER NINE: Improving Access to Opportunity in America 183 The author argues that not all forms of inequality in terms of incomes or fiances are harmful to the economy. Disparities in terms of wages are used to indicate to the populace such as the young individuals of the fields in need of their skills and as a means of encouraging hardworking. However, society has a distorted means of achieving high wages, which includes, cheating, theft, birth or luck. The first reform according to the author would be to reform the schools and universities, as well as other tertiary institutions (Rajan, 2010). Educational reform is paramount as it forms the foundation of intelligence and relation of an individual with the society in the future stages of development. Hence, initial education such as elementary schooling could be reformed to ensure that a child is able to feel comfortable and enjoy the learning processes at an early stage. In addition, education should also include out of school education such as a discipline and determination to excel in life. Hence, good schools articulate self-discipline, urge to learn and good morals In tertiary institutions are usually considered as a preserve for those who posses adequate finances or come from well of families. In equality in terms of incomes has a great role to play in achievement of tertiary education as some individuals from lower classes find it difficult to continue with tertiary education because of lack of adequate funds for schooling. Human capital according to the author is the greatest driver of growth as the skills acquired are used for creation of new opportunities and overall economic growth. Such after tertiary education can be enhanced through on-the job training. Apprentice ship according to the author enhances the skills acquired through schooling by an individual. Given the high Labour turnover, it is easy for entities in the United States to give skilled and trained individuals the opportunities to actualize their knowledge gained form the tertiary institutions. Such would have a long-term effect on the Labour sector in the United States as i t enhances the use of skills for growth in the field of training. The aim of redistribution of income is to reduce the numbers of people in need of a strong safety income due to poverty, low finances and inadequate education and skills to support themselves. The insufficiency of a good safety net in the United States after the occurrence of the financial crisis led to widespread anxiety leading to the formation of appropriate fiscal and monetary policies. In addition, to create a better safety net, better incomes enable people to save for unforeseeable future circumstances such that they do not have to rely on government intervention. In addition, the author is of the opinion that insurance requires adequate reform. This is because reform would ensure that the country as a whole would benefit from a better and predetermined extension of unemployment insurance (Rajan, 2010). Healthcare is another field, which needs adequate reform. This is because the populace is full of anxiety about their loss of health insurance for themselves and their families, which were initially provided for by their employers. Healthcare reform should also include organizational reform within the hospitals and sharing of information between the hospitals for better management of the hospitals and their finances. In addition, equality in terms of access to healthcare should be instituted (Rajan, 2010). Government capacity in terms of expenditure should be restored. Such can be achieved by increasing spending in areas such as Medicare and Medicaid, which have been under-funded as indicated by the increasing liabilities for the government in healthcare. In addition, increasing government expenditures have also been a source of anxiety for the populace because of the view that increased spending would result in higher taxes to cater for such expenses. However, increased taxes is a sure way of restoration of the government coffer preferably if the increase is executed in an equal and proper way. In essence, from this chapter, for the country to pick itself up again from the effects of the financial crisis from which the economy is still reeling from, reform is inevitable. The consumption in the united sates was driven by the inequalities among the populace all of which is due to the presence of polices which seemed to favor inequality. Despite the negatives posed by the government intervention after the financial crisis, which the private sector expected, it is paramount for the government to intervene further for the adequate recovery of the economy. This is because inaction by the government is detrimental to the economy in comparison to further intervention, which however ha s negative effects. This is because the private sector feeds on the notion provided, that the government would always intervene in the event of any financial crisis as was evidenced by the financial crisis of 2008 (Rajan, 2010). In conclusion, from this chapter reform comes as a priority for the government for eventual recovery of a slumped economy. In addition, adequate, proper and reformed education sectors would ensure the development of competent and divers human capital in the United States. Skilled labor is a drive of economic growth in any economy. This would ensure that those whoa able to penetrate within the walls of education are able to acquire adequate and relevant employment. This would ensure that those who work hard are bale to accrue greater benefits. Hence, educational institutions should uphold high levels of moral standard sin execution of tasks. The financial crisis could also be attributed to lack or inadequacy of morals in the private sector, which is driven by the mere need to accrue supernormal profits (Rajan, 2010). References Rajan, R. (2010). Fault lines: How hidden fractures still threaten the world economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Criminology Assignment 4-Stanford Prison Experiment Essay

Criminology Assignment 4-Stanford Prison Experiment - Essay Example They were to be compensated $ 15 for a period of less than two weeks. The volunteers were then randomly chosen to either play the role of the prison guard or the role of the prisoners. The prisoners were placed in a nine by six foot cell. There were three cells, one solitary cell, prison yard and other rooms were used by prison guards and the prison warden. Prisoners would remain in their prisons for 24 hours. Guards on the hand worked on eight hour shifts and could be allowed not allowed to go home. Phillip and his team were observed the behavior of the group using hidden microphones and cameras that were placed strategically. The prisoners were arrested normally and booked the way a normal suspect would be booked. They were then blindfolded and taken to the prison. They were given prison clothes and were referred to by their prison number at the back of their clothes. The guards on the other hand were given dark glasses to minimize eye contact with the prisoners. The guards would harass the prisoners and enjoy it. Prisoners were dehumanized and given boring tasks to accomplish. The prisoners were soon taking sides and telling tales on each other to the guards in order to win favors from the guards. The guards were in total control and held the prisoners in contempt. Prisoners became submissive. As time went by the guards became more aggressive and this forced the prisoners to be more submissive. After 36 hours one prisoner was released as he showed signs of early depression. Within the sixth day the experiment had to be closed down as Phillip feared the prisoners would be mentally or physically damaged. The purpose of the study was to show that abusive prison behavior was caused by inherent personality possessed by prisoners and guards. The experiment demonstrated the role that a powerful role plays in human behavior. When the guards were given powerful roles they found themselves behaving in ways that surprised them. They treated the

Daddy by Sylvia Plath. How does the language in the poem reveal what Essay

Daddy by Sylvia Plath. How does the language in the poem reveal what you think the poem is all about What is your opinion of that main idea Why do you believe as you do - Essay Example Plath's father died when she was eight, and the poet herself stated that the poem is about a woman (presumably herself) who is plagued by an Electra complex regarding her father that she cannot entirely admit to. The Electra complex is the female equivalent of the Oedipus complex, and involves a girl wanting to make love to her own father. This theme of unrequited love and hatred is reflected within the language of the poem that starts with two seemingly enigmatic lines: "You do not do, you not do/ Any more, black shoe" (Plath, 1-2), and continues with the fact that she has had to wear this "shoe" for thirty years, The "shoe" in this case is apparently Plath's life which, as a reader today knows, she is about to end. The second stanza starts with two lines that are both shocking and yet ironic, as Plath states that "Daddy, I have had to kill you./ You died before I had time." (Plath, 6-7). Plath casts a decidedly modern context upon the age-old conflict between parents and children. In the modern age the father has died before his time and so Plath essentially has to "kill" him through the words of her poetry. The image of Germany and eventually of Nazism appears with the end of the third stanza and the inclusion of "ach, du", which translates to "ah, you". Much of the rest of the poem explores this "daddy as Nazi and Sylvia s Jew" context in a number of ways. She first imagines that her father looks at least a little like Hitler, "and you neat moustache, / and you Aryan eye, bright blue", and continues with the remarkable assertion of a kind of sexual obsession with the man. Thus Plath states: Every woman adores a Fascist, The boot in the face, the brute, Brute heart of a brute like you. According to Plath women are turned on in some manner by the kind of cruelty exhibited by this kind of man. Near to the middle of the poem she states that there is a normality to this vision of "daddy", so he has "ac left in your chin instead of your foot", showing that he looks like a normal human being rather than a cloven-hoofed devil. Plath's previous suicide attempt is linked to her Daddy, as well as the fact that she may have been raped. Her attempt to kill her self at twenty was, according to the poem, an attempt to "get back, back, back to you." The repetition of the word "back" shows how futile the attempt was but how it still is a constant matter within her mind. If Daddy, along with the other poems in the book "Ariel" can be seen as a kind of extended suicide note, then this central part of the poem suggests that part of the reason for her death may have been this longing to be with her father. Of course going backwards in time is possible, so Plath takes the next bets thing, "I thought even the bones would do". As the poem nears an end, Plath starts to compare her father to a vampire, stating that "if I've killed one man, I've killed to." This can be explained by the fact that a vampire, in order to be a vampire, must have once died. Then, if one kills the vampire, he has been killed twice. The last stanza of the poem takes the reader into a vampire novel or film in which the "villagers never liked you" and have put a "stake in you fat black heart". The final line of the poem, "daddy, daddy, you

Sherlock Holmes stories Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes stories Essay Can the continued popularity of the Sherlock Holmes stories be explained by the similarity to modern television detectives? Discuss this statement with reference to The Speckled Band. The Sherlock Holmes saga has a huge inspirational impact on todays television detective stories. The reason why the Sherlock Holmes mysteries are so successful is because they contain many qualities of a classic mystery genre. It is a fair presumption if one was to say that the stories always follow a certain pattern and that in normal circumstances it is expected of the reader to lose interest, but Sherlock managed to obtain his popularity even to present day. A clear sign of how cleverly crafted Arthur Conan Doyle made these crime stories. Sherlock Holmes is a crime detective who has the ability to solve the hardest of criminal equations with the minimalist of facts, using his somewhat superb observational skills and his incredible method of scientific deduction. There is no mystery, my dear madam, said he, smiling. The left arm of your jacket is spattered with mud in no less than seven places. The marks are perfectly fresh. There is no vehicle save a dog-cart which throws up mud in that way, and then only when you sit on the left-hand side of the driver. Quoted from The Speckled Band. Holmes is a realistic and believable character, bringing the novels to life. Holmes always inspires a sense of confidence in other characters and indeed the reader as he shares a certainty of his attitude towards the mystery and the way he doesnt suffer fools gladly, always using his own initiative. This makes the reader feel as if Holmes is very confident about himself, thus making the reader confident and ultimately it makes them read on, a perfect example of Arthur Conan Doyles ability to captivate his readers. Always accompanying Holmes was his loyal companion and entrusted sidekick Dr Watson. With his old fashioned values and his consistent reliability, Watson is the perfect partner for Holmes. Watson shows a sense of amazement towards Holmess abilities and although he explains his deductions and predictions, Watson still could not do it himself. In terms of solving the crime, Watson seems rather useless. And as most of the time it seems as if Watson does not know whats going on inside Sherlocks mind, this adds suspense to the story. Arthur Conan Doyle has cleverly used Watson as a tool Holmes explains his methods and deductions to Watson and therefore to the reader. Watson is also the narrator of the story. Holmes appears in four novels and fifty-seven short stories. Arthur Conan Doyle got tired of writing about Holmes and so he killed him off in 1893 by having him fall to his death over the Reichenbach Falls in Switzerland. The stories had stop in production over one hundred years ago but still to this day they are very successful. Sherlock Holmes was modeled on and originated from Dr Joseph Bell, a surgeon in Edinburgh who had an extraordinary ability to deduce the backgrounds and occupations of his patients from minute details of their appearance. An excellent example of how the Sherlock Holmes saga has influenced modern crime story structures is Inspector Morse, a recently finished epic of mystery/crime television programs. Spanning 14 years, the ever-popular series shared a certain similarity to Holmes. Written by Colin Dexter and starring John Thaw (Left) as Inspector Morse and Kevin Whately as his trusted side kick Lewis (Right), Inspector Morse captivated viewers of all ages and class, again, very similar to Holmes. Morse and Lewis appear in thirty-three episodes and the stories are also available in other formats, such as paperback novels, paperback omnibuss and audio books as are the Holmes stories. Here is a description of the Speckled Band, one of the many successful Holmes stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle, and Deadly Slumber one of the thirty-three stories written by Colin Dexter, purposely to give a clear contrast of the similarities,: Deadly Slumber When Dr. Brewster is found dead in his car in his locked garage, everyone but Chief Inspector Morse writes the doctors death off as a suicide. A comment by the doctors wife troubles Morse, and he thinks the good doctors death anything but suicide. The chief inspectors suspicions are quickly confirmed by the autopsy it was murder. His investigation of the family soon uncovers a grudge against the family after a botched surgery on the daughter of Michael Steppings, a millionaire businessman who became a semi-reclusive following his daughter Avrils surgery that left her in a vegetative state. Steppings vowed to avenge his daughters condition on all parties involved in the surgery after losing a civil suit against the doctor and his clinic. Steppings goes so far as to send threatening letters to the doctor, but not the two other people on the surgical team the day of the operation. This oversight puzzles Morse. Steppings becomes Morses prime suspect and just as quickly is cleared by Morse and Sgt. Lewis. Then Morse is pointed in one direction by the family and another by his former prime suspect in Daniel Boyles extremely well crafted script. The last twenty minutes of Deadly Slumber is a roller coaster ride as the evidence leads Morse to one suspect after another. The adventure of the Speckled Band The speckled band leaves Helen Stoners twin sister in a state of occult horror just before her marriage. Now its Helens marriage and the same whistling sounds that her sister had heard in the nights preceding her death have come back to Stoke Moran. Her estranged stepfather seems to be the only culprit as the only other inhabitants of the old English stately home are the wild baboon and leopard. Holmes and Watson are quickly on the case, and come to the strange conclusion that it was a rare and highly venomous snake that was to blame for the mysterious deaths. As you can see both stories share the same basic structure, with the build up of suspense and the analysis of the deduction. Though perhaps one might say that the endings of the Holmes stories were somewhat more imaginative and dramatic in comparison to Morses more down to earth, realistic conclusions. To conclude, the continued popularity of the Sherlock Holmes stories, in my opinion, can be explained by the similarity to modern television detectives, as the modern television detectives are too similar to Holmes to dismiss as being created from a different origin. Taking into account the Sherlock Holmes stories were created over one hundred years ago it is fair to presume that modern day crime/mystery authors get there inspirations from the likes of Arthur Conan Doyle.

Hitler’s Quest for Aryans Essay -- History, Holocaust

Imagine being shoved off of an old, dirty train and not having a clue where you were headed. Everyone on the train is in incredible shock, and not much is heard except horrifying screams and cries from those around you. No one has access to food or water. Believe it or not, that is what you would have experienced if you lived in Germany, Poland, or Hungary about seventy years ago. Nearly six million Jews were murdered during the Holocaust. The Holocaust was much more than a cruel, belittling era; it was an atrocity beyond measure. On September 11, 2001, three thousand people were killed from a terrorist attack at the World Trade Center in New York City. That is not even a comparison to the Holocaust, in which six million Jews were murdered. The word â€Å"holocaust† has multiple meanings. In the early times, it meant a burnt offering to the gods (Downing 4). Middle Age citizens referred to it as a huge sacrifice or destruction (4). Between June 1941- March 1945, there were approximately four thousand Jews murdered each day (4). There is no way anyone can grasp how bad it must have been. Death, around camps, was expressed in many ways; starved, froze or worked to death, gassed in death chambers, or even shot for no reason at all. As the death rates rose, finding a place to bury everyone was becoming a perplexing challenge. With Hitler’s wish for living space, his goal for world domination and World War II as a cover, Hitler and his Nazi regime were able to carry out one of the greatest crimes in human history with about three and half million Jews being murdered at the death camps. All Hitler wanted was to eliminate defective genetic diseases, which in the end could endanger his wish for the Aryan race worldwide. ... ...sign was up above that read â€Å"Arbeit Machttrei† or work will make you free. This was a trick to the prisoners to make them believe they were going to an actual work camp. The camp was surrounded by barbed wire fence and had nine watch towers. The first few days at camp were spent in quarantine. Meaningless tasks were done and they were given very little food. Sleeping conditions were beyond awful. Some people even considered camp â€Å"a living hell† (Downing 31). The Holocaust was by far one of the worst events in history. So many people were killed for no reason at all. Hitler’s gal was not only to kill all Jews, but also to have a worldwide race of Aryans, blonde hair and blue eyes. There will never be enough horrifying words to describe the physical and mental pain each and every prisoner went through. Do you think you could have survived the Holocaust?

Vegetable Juice Advertisement

Films and commercials are the mirrors of the society. Many times, they portray our behavior, our culture, our beliefs our rules. Consider this ad for vegetable juices. â€Å"We are giving 30 million servings of vegetables to those who need it most. Want to help? † Asking you to help them feed the hungry the ad tries to sell its product in an innovative way. Clearly aimed at people who love to lead organic lives (read free of impurities) in every way it immediately draws their attention. Once drawn into reading it, it positions itself as a most common source of vegetables – â€Å"you usually drink V8 juice to get vegetables†. A picture of mud laden green leafy vegetable invokes the feeling of freshness and ‘straight from nature’ thought into the reader’s mind. Anything that is offered by the nature is considered pure and this helps dispel any notion of impurity from the minds of an alert and informed reader. It’s not difficult to miss the principal assumption that people who care about their health (and thus eating more vegetables) are the ones who also care about the environment and usually associates themselves with noble causes like helping to feed malnourished people. With this the advertisement effectively delivers its message that V8 juices are healthy alternative providing nutrients. To live healthy, green and helping poor are the changing signs of the times and the ad links itself with the trend and hopefully gets away with the message. The ad is definitely politically progressive as it gives people the opportunity to connect to a worthy cause while selling its product at the same time. It implores people to help the less privileged though their indirect actions.

American and Mexican Culture

Introduction to Ovulation * Many women learn how to calculate their ovulation when they first talk to a doctor about birth control. But some may still question whether they can get pregnant if they aren't ovulating. The answer to that question is not as straightforward as it seems. One would think that if a woman isn't ovulating, she can't get pregnant. This is only partially true. Generally, a woman isn't fertile if she isn't ovulating.If she isn't ovulating, she has no egg present to be fertilized outside the ovulation period. The confusion comes when trying to decipher when the ovulation period really is. Sometimes a woman can ovulate beyond what she considers her normal ovulating period, and she can become pregnant outside of her calculated fertility window. How to Calculate Ovulation * A woman generally ovulates between 11 and 21 days after her last menstrual cycle. Women with a 28-day cycle generally, on average, ovulate on day 14.But every woman is different and other factors can come into play to alter when and whether she ovulates. For some women, calculating ovulating periods can be tricky. Using methods such as evaluating cervical mucus, reading basal body temperature and keeping track of menstrual cycles can help with the calculations. A woman should get to know her body; this will be the most telling sign in knowing when ovulation occurs. If in doubt, an ovulation kit can help clarify when ovulation occurs.Ovulation Misconceptions * Many misconceptions surround ovulation. First, not all women ovulate on day 14 of their cycle. Another myth is that keeping up with ovulation is an effective birth control method. Although an egg can live for only 24 hours, sperm can live inside a woman for five to seven days. So even if a woman thinks it is safe to have unprotected sex a couple of days before she ovulates, the sperm can still fertilize the egg days after intercourse.For women who have irregular periods, it is not accurate to count from the last day of the menstrual cycle to determine the ovulating time frame. Can a Woman Get Pregnant If She Is Not Ovulating? * Technically, a woman cannot get pregnant if she isn't ovulating. Determining whether and when a woman is ovulating can be miscalculated, however. A woman can actually get pregnant when she believes that she is safe because she thinks she isn't ovulating. Sperm can live long enough to fertilize the egg days after intercourse.

buy custom Still Alive essay

buy custom Still Alive essay Peter Novicks article by declaring that many people to the tune of millions in number lost their lives. This was not because they were killed accidentally in any war, but as a consequence of a well orchestrated and deliberate government policy. The victims, who either lost their lives or suffered in one way or the other, were not opposed to that regime, neither were they armed. But that did not make the perpetrators to spare even the vulnerable in the society like women and children. The perpetrators of the genocide were people who enjoyed massive protection of the state and used extensive resources available to the state. Unbelievably, the people who were responsible for this heinous extermination were never brought to book and instead went unpunished. Although the accurate data of the lost lives are still hard to come by, estimation put the numbers at between 30-40 million (Jean,18). In understanding the aftermath of the holocaust, Novick wanted to answer some questions that really astonished him. First, he wanted to understand why the Holocaust became the center of the evil in the twentieth century. He was also interested in unearthing the reason why Holocausts are considered the only common denominator of American Jewish identity. The article explained how just one serious and terrifying event came to be the major subject of discussion in the US of political evil. In fact, such grave centrality could not be realized in the periods 1945, 1945 or 1965. No one in American land could ever think of a museum mall in the capital city of Washington being built purposely to encourage the nation to reflect back on that evil. Ironically, the museum is situated on a capital which was built by the hard labor of slaves. According to Novic, this creates a force that affirms confrontation with what happened to foreigners in other continents, yet as the Holocaust continued to d iminish, the more has its effects been relaimed in peoples memory. In Europe, such paradoxes have reigned and continued to haunt the Jewish community much now than ever (Jean, 20). Novick is critical when he affirms that the consciousness of the Holocaust did not occupy a central position in the communal life of the Jewish community before the period of 1960s. Indifference and omissions existed before and intentionally shifted the attention of the regimes to communist perpetrated crimes while at the same time, overlooking those linked to Nazism. Fortunately, as the cold war came to closure in 1960s, Holocaust survivors gained confidence and began to narrate their story to an increasingly attentive audience making holocaust to be an integral component of the political discussion in America. In giving a deeper understanding of the aftermath of Holocaust, Novic does not focus on Holocaust as an event which merely took place between 1933 or 1939 ending in 1945. Instead he expounds on it by presenting an investigation on how Jewish-Americans viewed the destruction of mostly European Jewry and to a certain level, how that thought had been shaped, influenced and disto rted (Jean, 21). Through the article, Novic reignites a public interest to remember the events and experiences the Jewish people underwent in Nazi regime, which was faltering. With diminishing of ethnic differentiation, with disappearance of neighborhoods dominated by working class individuals, with the growing inability of the synagogues to collect funds due from members who have defaulted in making subscriptions, and lastly with the increased disorganization in the Israeli politics which is linked with the coming into power of Likud in 1977, the Jewish civil service found themselves in a state of confusion hence resorting to lean towards the Holocaust as a way of unifying their fragmented community into one again (Jean, 46). Afteer Edward Said finalized the Question of Palestine in 1978, many publishers declined to publish it claiming it was provocative. Beacon Press and Pantheon Books for instance refused to take the manuscript. Another publisher from Beirut invited Said and only agreed to publish it in Arabic only if said removed the criticism contents of the book something he did not agree with. Fortunately however, Said found a publisher by the name Time Books who produced it in the year 1979. More importantly, Said carried out a thorough research on the history and the ideologies of Zionism rejuvenated a series of criticisms from different from fronts. Robert Wisrich who is a renowned Jewish critic particularly faulted as erroneous the link espoused by Said between Zionism and European colonialism (Wylen, 392). Consequently, many Palestinians were of the view that Said was conceding too much ground, especially when people criticizing Zion ideals made attempts to end the imperial ramification associated with it. In return, "Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Victims" greatly realized that Palestinians who stood as the victims of victims occupied a central and important part in the entire history of Zionism. To make the matter more interesting, Said insisted in his book that they have to be given special consideration right within the Zion history , the same way Palestinians cannot be separated from Zionism. He also explained his approach by associating it with strategies that were imminent in mutual recognition as well as the two-state solutions of the rivalry that existed between Palestinians and Israel. To make Said to stand out from other scholars is the fact that he was the first Palestinian to rationally argue and advocate for a full political engagement between Palestinians and the Jew s. This made his work to be a focal point for the explanation of the aftermath of Holocaust events (Tesler, 23). Buy custom Still Alive essay

What Does LinkedIns 25 Hottest Skills List Mean for You

What Does LinkedIns 25 Hottest Skills List Mean for You For the third consecutive year, LinkedIn has produced a list of its 25 Hottest Skills. I shared 2014s list with you as a part of my Top 10 Lists for the year, and I thought 2015s edition deserved a separate post. This is a great tool for honing the keyword phrases in your LinkedIn profile, especially if your expertise matches any of these skill sets. To compile its list, LinkedIn reviews the top keywords searched by recruiters throughout the course of the year. The site has made a nice improvement to this years list by including a column to depict which direction the skills are trending. And the material accompanying LinkedIns article contains links to training and job openings for each skill. Nice! Many skills have maintained their search relevancy since the list first ran in 2013. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining and Mobile Development both remained in the top 10 since LinkedIn started the yearly compilation. New this year are Corporate Law and Governance, Software Modeling and Process Design, and Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Off the list are Recruiting, Digital and Online Marketing, and Computer Graphics and Animation, dropping from 15th, 16th and 17th respectively in 2014 to 26th, 32nd and 34th in 2015. Integrated Circuit Design and SAP ERP Systems also exited the top 25, falling 7 spots each. Lists from the past 3 years: The 25 Hottest Skills That Got People Hired in 2013 The 25 Hottest Skills That Got People Hired in 2014 The 25 Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2016 If you cant claim the top skills on LinkedIn and are kicking yourself about it, perhaps the latest list will serve as motivation to make this year the one when you get the training youve been contemplating. And if you already have these skills, but you dont have the keywords written into your LinkedIn profile, I highly recommend you add them there! Its a good bet that if you have any of strengths listed here and youre currently on the hunt for a new job, 2016 may prove to be a fruitful one for your career. Of course, that all depends on whether your LinkedIn profile is of the KILLER standard. Im here if you need help. On a slightly different note, if youre interested in knowing which soft skills are important to strengthen for a successful career, check out the Mind the Skills Gap LinkedIn series, where Amy Chen asks 50+ influencers what skills theyll be honing in 2016. You can get in on the fun and share your plans with LinkedIn readers too!

Aldi supermarket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aldi supermarket - Essay Example In Aldi product innovation could be related to the introduction of products that do not currently exist in the UK supermarket industry, even if their differentiation from the industry’s existing products would be small: for example, an energy drink of different ingredients depending on the status of health and the age of consumers would be a product that meets the terms of product differentiation. Through product differentiation Aldi could manage to acquire a sustainable competitive advantage, i.e. an advantage that ‘cannot be copied by competition’ (Lamb et al. 2011, p.42). For developing a sustainable competitive advantage Aldi should try to ensure that its products are aligned with the needs of the local market and that they could attract the interest of local consumers (West et al. 2010); this means that the advantage of the firm’s products towards them of its competitors should be clear to the consumers. Another approach that Aldi would use for acquiring a sustainable competitive advantage would be the following: the firm could use social marketing, which ‘promotes behaviours that provide well-being for individuals or for society’ (Kapoor and Kulshrestha 2013, p.10). For example, Aldi could use its marketing campaign for increasing the awareness of people on the health consequences of the consumption of milk-based products. Of course, other strategies, for acquiring a sustainable competitive advantage would be also available to Aldi: for example, by decreasing the price of a specific category of products would result to a sustainable competitive advantage for Aldi, even in the short term (Lamb 2012). In the context of marketing, a PEST analysis is a valuable tool for assessing the status of a particular market, i.e. to identify the market’s current performance in regard to one or more industries. In addition PEST analysis can help to check the prospects of a market, i.e. its potentials for growth in the future, as related to a series of

Malcolm X (in the text, he calls himself Detroit Red) Essay

Malcolm X (in the text, he calls himself Detroit Red) - Essay Example This is the real situation for most hustlers. They would pass as executives or people high on the corporate lane. Beneath these lives they live, they are illiterate. Although he had little formal education, Malcolm X spent his time in prison trying to educate himself using the dictionary. Then with time, he was able to make simple logical grammatical sentences which came in handy when writing letters. His efforts also paid off because he started understanding books when he read them. Although the prison authorities were aware of the letters that Malcolm wrote, they did not say anything to him about them. He believes that during that time, the white man knew he was the devil. During the time, there was widespread knowledge that the white man was responsible in a way for the black man’s condition. Malcolm X was filled with the desire to use his writing skills to educate about Allah and Islam. His desire to learn more led to his dedicated study of the dictionary. From this he taught himself to read and write. This expressly shows how someone can achieve their desires with dedication and a little investment in time (Benson and Cosgrove,